我们建议探索一个称为视听分割（AVS）的新问题，其中的目标是输出在图像帧时产生声音的对象的像素级映射。为了促进这项研究，我们构建了第一个视频分割基准（AVSBENCH），为声音视频中的声音对象提供像素的注释。使用此基准测试了两个设置：1）具有单个声源的半监督音频分割和2）完全监督的音频段段，并带有多个声源。为了解决AVS问题，我们提出了一种新颖的方法，该方法使用时间像素的视听相互作用模块注入音频语义作为视觉分割过程的指导。我们还设计正规化损失，以鼓励训练期间的视听映射。 AVSBench上的定量和定性实验将我们的方法与相关任务中的几种现有方法进行了比较，这表明所提出的方法有望在音频和像素视觉语义之间建立桥梁。代码可从https://github.com/opennlplab/avsbench获得。

图形神经网络（GNNS）将深度神经网络（DNN）的成功扩展到非欧几里德图数据，实现了各种任务的接地性能，例如节点分类和图形属性预测。尽管如此，现有系统效率低，培训数十亿节点和GPU的节点和边缘训练大图。主要瓶颈是准备GPU数据的过程 - 子图采样和特征检索。本文提出了一个分布式GNN培训系统的BGL，旨在解决一些关键思想的瓶颈。首先，我们提出了一种动态缓存引擎，以最小化特征检索流量。通过协同设计缓存政策和抽样顺序，我们发现低开销和高缓存命中率的精美斑点。其次，我们改善了曲线图分区算法，以减少子图采样期间的交叉分区通信。最后，仔细资源隔离减少了不同数据预处理阶段之间的争用。关于各种GNN模型和大图数据集的广泛实验表明，BGL平均明显优于现有的GNN训练系统20.68倍。

深增强学习（DRL）最近在建立金融市场模拟器方面表现出巨大的潜力。然而，由于现实世界市场的高度复杂和动态性质，原始的历史金融数据往往涉及大噪音，可能无法反映市场的未来，降低了基于DRL的市场模拟器的保真度。此外，基于DRL的市场模拟器的准确性严重依赖于众多和多样化的DRL代理，这增加了对市场环境宇宙的需求，并对模拟速度提出挑战。在本文中，我们介绍了一个Finrl-Meta框架，为数据驱动的金融强化学习建立了一个市场环境的宇宙。首先，Finrl-Meta将财务数据处理分开，从基于DRL的策略的设计管道分开，并为财务大数据提供开源数据工程工具。其次，Finrl-Meta为各种交易任务提供了数百个市场环境。第三，Finrl-Meta通过利用数千个GPU核心，可以实现多加工模拟和培训。我们的代码可在https://github.com/ai4finance-foundation/finrl-meta上使用。

虽然编程是现代社会中最广泛适用的技能之一，但现代机器学习模型仍然无法对基本问题的解决方案。尽管重要的是，对评估代码生成令人惊讶的是，很少有效，并且难以准确地评估代码生成性能。为了满足这一挑战，我们介绍了一个用于代码生成的基准。与在更受限制的设置中的事先工作不同，我们的基准测试衡量模型采取任意自然语言规范的能力，并生成满意的Python代码。类似于公司如何评估候选软件开发人员，然后我们通过检查测试用例的生成代码来评估模型。我们的基准测试包括10,000个问题，从具有简单的单线解决方案来实现实质性算法挑战。我们在GitHub和我们的培训集上微调大型语言模型，我们发现语法错误的普遍性随着模型的提高而导致呈指数级递减。最近的模型如GPT-Neo可以通过大约20％的介绍性问题的测试用例，因此我们发现机器学习模型现在开始学习如何代码。随着自动代码生成的社会意义在未来几年增加，我们的基准可以提供跟踪进步的重要措施。

Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) remains challenging due to the diversity of distortion and image content variation, which complicate the distortion patterns crossing different scales and aggravate the difficulty of the regression problem for BIQA. However, existing BIQA methods often fail to consider multi-scale distortion patterns and image content, and little research has been done on learning strategies to make the regression model produce better performance. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective Progressive Multi-Task Image Quality Assessment (PMT-IQA) model, which contains a multi-scale feature extraction module (MS) and a progressive multi-task learning module (PMT), to help the model learn complex distortion patterns and better optimize the regression issue to align with the law of human learning process from easy to hard. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed PMT-IQA model, we conduct experiments on four widely used public datasets, and the experimental results indicate that the performance of PMT-IQA is superior to the comparison approaches, and both MS and PMT modules improve the model's performance.

Reading comprehension of legal text can be a particularly challenging task due to the length and complexity of legal clauses and a shortage of expert-annotated datasets. To address this challenge, we introduce the Merger Agreement Understanding Dataset (MAUD), an expert-annotated reading comprehension dataset based on the American Bar Association's 2021 Public Target Deal Points Study, with over 39,000 examples and over 47,000 total annotations. Our fine-tuned Transformer baselines show promising results, with models performing well above random on most questions. However, on a large subset of questions, there is still room for significant improvement. As the only expert-annotated merger agreement dataset, MAUD is valuable as a benchmark for both the legal profession and the NLP community.

We show for the first time that large-scale generative pretrained transformer (GPT) family models can be pruned to at least 50% sparsity in one-shot, without any retraining, at minimal loss of accuracy. This is achieved via a new pruning method called SparseGPT, specifically designed to work efficiently and accurately on massive GPT-family models. When executing SparseGPT on the largest available open-source models, OPT-175B and BLOOM-176B, we can reach 60% sparsity with negligible increase in perplexity: remarkably, more than 100 billion weights from these models can be ignored at inference time. SparseGPT generalizes to semi-structured (2:4 and 4:8) patterns, and is compatible with weight quantization approaches.

It has been observed in practice that applying pruning-at-initialization methods to neural networks and training the sparsified networks can not only retain the testing performance of the original dense models, but also sometimes even slightly boost the generalization performance. Theoretical understanding for such experimental observations are yet to be developed. This work makes the first attempt to study how different pruning fractions affect the model's gradient descent dynamics and generalization. Specifically, this work considers a classification task for overparameterized two-layer neural networks, where the network is randomly pruned according to different rates at the initialization. It is shown that as long as the pruning fraction is below a certain threshold, gradient descent can drive the training loss toward zero and the network exhibits good generalization performance. More surprisingly, the generalization bound gets better as the pruning fraction gets larger. To complement this positive result, this work further shows a negative result: there exists a large pruning fraction such that while gradient descent is still able to drive the training loss toward zero (by memorizing noise), the generalization performance is no better than random guessing. This further suggests that pruning can change the feature learning process, which leads to the performance drop of the pruned neural network. Up to our knowledge, this is the \textbf{first} generalization result for pruned neural networks, suggesting that pruning can improve the neural network's generalization.

Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, the stored knowledge in these models may inevitably be incomplete, out-of-date, or incorrect. This motivates the need to utilize external knowledge to assist LLMs. Unfortunately, current methods for incorporating external knowledge often require additional training or fine-tuning, which can be costly and may not be feasible for LLMs. To address this issue, we propose a novel post-processing approach, rethinking with retrieval (RR), which retrieves relevant external knowledge based on the decomposed reasoning steps obtained from the chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting. This lightweight approach does not require additional training or fine-tuning and is not limited by the input length of LLMs. We evaluate the effectiveness of RR through extensive experiments with GPT-3 on three complex reasoning tasks: commonsense reasoning, temporal reasoning, and tabular reasoning. Our results show that RR can produce more faithful explanations and improve the performance of LLMs.

Time-series anomaly detection is an important task and has been widely applied in the industry. Since manual data annotation is expensive and inefficient, most applications adopt unsupervised anomaly detection methods, but the results are usually sub-optimal and unsatisfactory to end customers. Weak supervision is a promising paradigm for obtaining considerable labels in a low-cost way, which enables the customers to label data by writing heuristic rules rather than annotating each instance individually. However, in the time-series domain, it is hard for people to write reasonable labeling functions as the time-series data is numerically continuous and difficult to be understood. In this paper, we propose a Label-Efficient Interactive Time-Series Anomaly Detection (LEIAD) system, which enables a user to improve the results of unsupervised anomaly detection by performing only a small amount of interactions with the system. To achieve this goal, the system integrates weak supervision and active learning collaboratively while generating labeling functions automatically using only a few labeled data. All of these techniques are complementary and can promote each other in a reinforced manner. We conduct experiments on three time-series anomaly detection datasets, demonstrating that the proposed system is superior to existing solutions in both weak supervision and active learning areas. Also, the system has been tested in a real scenario in industry to show its practicality.